Marie Curie Essay | An introduction to her accomplishments

Marie Curie Essay | An introduction to her accomplishments Marie Salomea Sklodowska-Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland (Borzendowski 2009, 1890). Of all the notable scientists in history, she is perhaps the strongest representation of a woman succeeding against all odds to change the field of physics forever. Her discoveries led her from a childhood of obscurity to being one of the most well-known scientists of all time. Childhood Curies father taught Mathematics and Physics as a secondary teacher, and shared his passions and knowledge with his children (Curie 1937, 59). These were unusual subjects for girls to study at the time and Curie went on to achieve degrees in both because of her fathers influence. Unfortunately, Curies family became lost everything when the principal of the school her father worked at, turned him in for being loyal to Poland, which was illegal under the Russian rule (Borzendowski 2009, 1894). Marie spent the rest of her youth struggling to fund her education. Schooling Marie Curie was an extremely intelligent woman who devoted her life to the pursuit of knowledge. She learned to read by the time she was four, without even trying, it seemed and soon she could read better than her older sister (Borzendowski 2009, 1892). At this young age she dreamed of becoming a scientist, even though such a dream would be difficult in her male dominated society. She received a general education in local schools and scientific training from her father (Curie 1937, 59). In 1891, Curie was finally able to continue her studies in the Sorbonne University, in Paris, where she studied and earned the equivalent of a masters degree in physics and mathematical sciences. Curie continued to further her education throughout her life. One of her greatest accomplishments occurred after her husbands death when she succeeded him as Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne. In another moment of success she took her husbands place as Professor of General Physics in 1906, the fi rst woman to ever be given this position. Personal life Marie Curie had one great love in her life Pierre Curie. They met at university and quickly discovered a shared interest in magnetism (Ogilvie 2004, 30). They fell in love and were soon married but their relationship went further than just that of a husband and wife. They became partners in science and discovery and many of Curies greatest achievements were developed with her husband. The couple had two daughters, Irà ¨ne Joliot-Curie and Ève Curie, who went on to have very successful careers themselves (Ogilvie 2004, 41). Sadly, this happy family could not continue as disaster struck in 1906 when Pierre Curie was run over by a horse-drawn carriage and died (Ogilvie 2004, 76). After the loss of her husband, Curie was devastated and turned to his friend Paul Langevin to help her with her grief. This friendship quickly developed into a relationship for which Curie was publicly despised. She was a widow, but he was married and the father of four children (Quinn 1995, 14). The French press used this information to vilify her and to bring up peoples negative attitudes towards godless intellectuals and emancipated women (Quinn 1995, 14). Contribution to Science Marie Curie made one of the greatest discoveries of her time when she theorized that radioactivity was an atomic rather than a chemical property (Ogilvie 2004, ix). She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, winning numerous awards and becoming the first woman Nobel laureate in 1903 with her shared award in physics, alongside her husband Pierre Curie and colleague Henry Becquerel (Goldsmith 2005, 111). Marie Curie went on to win another Nobel Prize in Chemistry, this time as the sole recipient. She also discovered the elements polonium and radium (Ogilvie 2004, 57). Contribution to Society Marie Curie was continuously struggling to be seen and recognized for her great achievements. At the time it was an extremely unusual for a woman to take part in such a male dominated field. On May 13th, 1906 that changed. [T]he council of the Faculty of Science unanimously decided to maintain the chair created for Pierre Curie, and to confide it to Marie (Curie 1937, 253). This was the first time a woman had been given a visible role in French higher education. The fact that this vote was unanimous shows that Marie Curie was recognized as a scientist with enough talent to merit the possible backlash from a more conservative community. Curie was also altruistic. She donated her award money and pushed for the use of mobile radiography units during WWI to treat wounded soldiers. She wanted radioactivity to be used to treat cancer and devoted her life to finding benefits to these new properties that she had discovered (Curie 1937, x). Despite all of this, Curie still struggled with being accepted in the scientific community. For instance, it is interesting to notice that her early awards were almost always awarded to both her and her husband. In fact, Marie Curie had not been nominated for the 1903 Nobel Prize despite the fact that she had worked on the discovery (Ogilvie 2004, 66). It was not until her husband said I very much with to be considered together with Madame Curie that she was thought of and her nomination from the year before was used (Ogilvie 2004, 66). Marie Curie is easily one of the most prominent female scientists of all time. Her notoriety has been earned through her numerous awards, honorary degrees, and memberships to various learned societies. Most notably she was the first woman Nobel laureate in 1903 in physics and she then went on to win another Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It is important to note that she was awarded Nobel Prizes in two different categories, which is rare in itself, the fact that she was a woman doing this early in the twentieth century makes it all the more remarkable. Curie was also awarded the Davy medal, with her husband, in 1903. This award is one of [the Royal Society of Londons] highest awards (Curie 1937, 208). In 1904, she was awarded the Matteucci Medal by the Italian Society of Sciences, again with her husband and in 1909 she was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal by the Franklin Institute. Marie Curie was also awarded countless honorary degrees and memberships across the world for her achievement s. For instance, she received many honorary degrees and awards from countless schools and organizations. (Curie 1937, 406). Death Without the knowledge of radiation we have now, Curie took no precautions to avoid poisoning. To make matters worse, when she first began her research she had very little funding. Even if she had wanted to take safety precautions, she would not have been able. She did not even have a laboratory to perform her experiments, instead having to content herself with a shed for their experiments (Curie 1937, 186). Due to this, her notes, and even her cookbooks from the 1890s, are too radioactive to be handled (Bryson 2003, 140). Curie died July 4, 1934 from aplastic anemia because of this exposure to radiation (Ogilvie 2004, xiv). Sadly her passion for science and discovery had resulted in her death. Sixty years later, in 1995, the remains of the couple were transferred to the Panthà ©on in Paris, out of respect of their achievements. Currie was the first woman to ever receive this honor which cemented her position not just as a scientist, but as a symbol of possibility for women in the fu ture (Borzendowski 2009, 1888).

Proposition and Religion Essay

The State and the Church are of two different entities and usually it is the Church which turns out to be more powerful. Whenever controversial issues arise, the Church is always there to give its stand and influence the billions of believers. The Pope is much more powerful than the President of the United States after all. Several moral issues are currently on the hot seat right now. Last February 23, actor Sean Penn won an Oscar for playing a gay politician. The movie Milk earned the respect and recognition of several organizations in the country. In Penn’s speech, he purposely mentioned his advocacy in fighting for gay rights as to having equal rights in the society. Joining him in his fight are the good-looking couple Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie who refuse to get married until every gets the right to do so. A lot of very influential and famous people have already expressed their stand with this very sensitive issue. And slowly, the world is becoming more aware of the change that the world wants. It is the new generation that will definitely be affected with this issue. And with the media’s most influential people calling for support, can the sacred marriage for man and woman be finally twisted? The issue for gay marriage or homosexual marriage became more contentious as the Proposition 8 in California was finally passed in November 4, 2008. The proposition affirms that the matrimony of marriage should only be retained to heterosexuals only. Same-sex marriage should be abolished all over the world—this is a hit to the state Nevada where gay couples are usually married (McCoy 27). In the new section of the bill (7. 5) Article I reads that â€Å"Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California (Cott 218). † This proposition was immediately implemented the day after, Nov. 5. A huge amount of money was raised in each of the opposing and supporting parties. The ones supporting the campaign raised an enormous amount of $39. 9 million while the opposing party took it to another level by surpassing the supporting team by around $4 million (the opposition raised $43. 3 million). This campaign was definitely largest in the history of supporting ballot (Donors 3). The proponents of the ballot emphasized the sacristy of marriage by just giving it to heterosexuals. Religion is a huge factor as their principles are backed up by moral issues and religious beliefs. The proponents also pointed out their worry to the future generation as allowing this would teach the generation that gay marriage is okay—the point that the opponents are actually emphasizing. The opponents believed that marriage is an essential aspect in a human being’s life and that everyone should be given chance to do it—whatever their sexuality is. The proponents of the proposition are mostly Catholic and conservatives. These are the people who believe that we should stick to what we are used to believe—in this case, heterosexuals are only allowed to be married. As mentioned earlier, the Church is very powerful and influential. Such is its power that it can stop a government from sentencing death to a criminal. Aside from that, these religious institutions are exempted from paying taxes. If these religious institutions are very influential and never fail to mix politics with their beliefs, should they be exempted from paying taxes? Religious institutions, such as churches and some schools led by religious leaders, are exempted from taxes. In turn, these institutions get to save a lot of from their spending as their role is to help nourish the society. It was understandable in the beginning and such respect is given to these institutions anyway. However, as time passed by, the role of being the protector and the counselor of the people became out of hand. Aside from their conventional roles in the society, these institutions use their influences on their people with regard to their stand in politics. Some of the religious leaders even run for a seat in the government. The involvement of religious institutions in politics gives them an unfair advantage over those ordinary citizens. The exemption of taxes to these religious institutions gives them more power and medium to access the mass media and influence the not-so-informed people. If they still wish to be exempted from taxes, they should stay away from politics and just continue doing the right thing—which is to spread the Word of God and live it. What they are doing now is they using their â€Å"good† image to convince people to stick with the norms and the conventional while the whole world is ready to embrace the change that it should have done a long time ago. Works Cited Cott, Nancy. Public Vows. Harvard University Press, 2002. â€Å"Donors Pumped $83 Million Into Prop. 8 Race. † cbc5. com. 2 February 2009. 13 March 2009 . McCoy, Candace. Politics and Plea Bargaining: Victim’s Rights in California. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

John Locke The Limitations Of Government And The Natural...

John Locke: The Limitations of Government and the Natural State Brandon Lee 10/31/17 Outline Submit for: Political Theory (Govt 251) Fall 2017 Professor Lindskog I. John Locke had been influential in the American governmental system. His ideas outlined in the Second Treatise on Government, dramatically influenced the America revolution and the formation of the United States Declaration of Independence. Modern democracy can thank Locke for his ideas on equal rights, separation of power, and checks and balances. Although Locke’s ideas played an influential role in the American revolution, some argue his ideas are outdated. John Locke’s theory poses limitations that cannot be ignored. II. Natural law is a higher†¦show more content†¦III. All men are in a state of nature until there is a need to form government to protect life, liberty, and property. A. The state of nature exists where lacks a structured government to mediate disputes. This differentiates a state of nature from a political socirty, legitimate government, and state of war. 1. â€Å"Want of a common judge with authority, puts all men in a state of nature: force without right, upon a man s person, makes a state of war, both where there is, and is not, a common judge.† Chapter 3 sec 19 2. Locke asserts that there must be a government to resolve disputes between men. a) A limitation of this argument is that a third man can resolve disputes between two men without forming a government. B. A limitation set on man in a state of nature is his ability to horde property. 1. Locke asserts that man in a state of nature has the right to create property. a) The ability to create this property is limited by his ability to store or horde property. 1) If a man creates more food than he can eat, it will spoil. 2) If he creates more boots than he has feet, they will go unused. i. Locke asserts that man has the right to property that will not spoil, any property beyond this belongs to others. ii. When man begins to produce more than he can consume and share it creates a need to horde property. iii. Man has a need for government and money. IV. State of nature, Locke vs Hobbes. A. Hobbes argued that freedom in a state of nature meant that man wouldShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s The Leviathan Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthe views of these three men on the topic of human nature and government, but it was ultimately these philosophers who used natural law to explain the aspects of humanity, it was these men’s ideas who were key to the era of Enlightenment and life beyond it. Born on April 5 1588, Thomas Hobbes came to be known as one of the greatest philosophers in the world. In his most famous work, the Leviathan, he sets forth his ideas on government and law. 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Gender Stereotyping An Essential For A Comprehensive...

Abstract Stereotypes to a degree can be risky in light of the fact that they can bring about immoral behaviors. A man may to abuse others in view of assumptions that are untrue. The history of gender stereotyping which has prompted imbalances between men and women, is long and complex and it is perceived that enactment, however significant, and positive activities alone don t as a matter of course accomplish accepted gender equality. A cognizant effort with respect to society to change mentalities what s more, to oblige difference is an essential for a comprehensive society. Introduction Gender stereotyping keeps on being an impediment to the accomplishment of equality between men and women. Aside from the individual and social†¦show more content†¦This fortification of gender stereotyping prompts the propagation of victimization women, as the majority of the human qualities seen as woman have less social worth. Education assumes a focal role in this debate. Schools involve a one of a kind position in the public eye, and the part of the school is principal in advancing gender balance. By bringing issues to light, widening skylines, going up against falsehood, growing the information base to incorporate the grant of women and in addition men, and offering new models of conduct, the school can be seen as an instrument for positive change. This study will concentrate on gender Stereotypes, and particularly, the negative impact they have on women in the work environment. Literature Review Sitting in the same classroom, perusing the same reading material, listening to the same educator, young men and young women get altogether different education. Truth be told, after entering school, young women perform equivalent to or superior to anything young men on almost every measure of accomplishment, however when they graduate secondary school or school, they have fallen behind. Then again, disparities between the teaching of young women and the teaching of young men in elementary education leads a few commentators to contend that young men are being dismissed within education framework. The socialization of the different