Marie Curie Essay | An introduction to her accomplishments

Marie Curie Essay | An introduction to her accomplishments Marie Salomea Sklodowska-Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland (Borzendowski 2009, 1890). Of all the notable scientists in history, she is perhaps the strongest representation of a woman succeeding against all odds to change the field of physics forever. Her discoveries led her from a childhood of obscurity to being one of the most well-known scientists of all time. Childhood Curies father taught Mathematics and Physics as a secondary teacher, and shared his passions and knowledge with his children (Curie 1937, 59). These were unusual subjects for girls to study at the time and Curie went on to achieve degrees in both because of her fathers influence. Unfortunately, Curies family became lost everything when the principal of the school her father worked at, turned him in for being loyal to Poland, which was illegal under the Russian rule (Borzendowski 2009, 1894). Marie spent the rest of her youth struggling to fund her education. Schooling Marie Curie was an extremely intelligent woman who devoted her life to the pursuit of knowledge. She learned to read by the time she was four, without even trying, it seemed and soon she could read better than her older sister (Borzendowski 2009, 1892). At this young age she dreamed of becoming a scientist, even though such a dream would be difficult in her male dominated society. She received a general education in local schools and scientific training from her father (Curie 1937, 59). In 1891, Curie was finally able to continue her studies in the Sorbonne University, in Paris, where she studied and earned the equivalent of a masters degree in physics and mathematical sciences. Curie continued to further her education throughout her life. One of her greatest accomplishments occurred after her husbands death when she succeeded him as Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne. In another moment of success she took her husbands place as Professor of General Physics in 1906, the fi rst woman to ever be given this position. Personal life Marie Curie had one great love in her life Pierre Curie. They met at university and quickly discovered a shared interest in magnetism (Ogilvie 2004, 30). They fell in love and were soon married but their relationship went further than just that of a husband and wife. They became partners in science and discovery and many of Curies greatest achievements were developed with her husband. The couple had two daughters, Irà ¨ne Joliot-Curie and Ève Curie, who went on to have very successful careers themselves (Ogilvie 2004, 41). Sadly, this happy family could not continue as disaster struck in 1906 when Pierre Curie was run over by a horse-drawn carriage and died (Ogilvie 2004, 76). After the loss of her husband, Curie was devastated and turned to his friend Paul Langevin to help her with her grief. This friendship quickly developed into a relationship for which Curie was publicly despised. She was a widow, but he was married and the father of four children (Quinn 1995, 14). The French press used this information to vilify her and to bring up peoples negative attitudes towards godless intellectuals and emancipated women (Quinn 1995, 14). Contribution to Science Marie Curie made one of the greatest discoveries of her time when she theorized that radioactivity was an atomic rather than a chemical property (Ogilvie 2004, ix). She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, winning numerous awards and becoming the first woman Nobel laureate in 1903 with her shared award in physics, alongside her husband Pierre Curie and colleague Henry Becquerel (Goldsmith 2005, 111). Marie Curie went on to win another Nobel Prize in Chemistry, this time as the sole recipient. She also discovered the elements polonium and radium (Ogilvie 2004, 57). Contribution to Society Marie Curie was continuously struggling to be seen and recognized for her great achievements. At the time it was an extremely unusual for a woman to take part in such a male dominated field. On May 13th, 1906 that changed. [T]he council of the Faculty of Science unanimously decided to maintain the chair created for Pierre Curie, and to confide it to Marie (Curie 1937, 253). This was the first time a woman had been given a visible role in French higher education. The fact that this vote was unanimous shows that Marie Curie was recognized as a scientist with enough talent to merit the possible backlash from a more conservative community. Curie was also altruistic. She donated her award money and pushed for the use of mobile radiography units during WWI to treat wounded soldiers. She wanted radioactivity to be used to treat cancer and devoted her life to finding benefits to these new properties that she had discovered (Curie 1937, x). Despite all of this, Curie still struggled with being accepted in the scientific community. For instance, it is interesting to notice that her early awards were almost always awarded to both her and her husband. In fact, Marie Curie had not been nominated for the 1903 Nobel Prize despite the fact that she had worked on the discovery (Ogilvie 2004, 66). It was not until her husband said I very much with to be considered together with Madame Curie that she was thought of and her nomination from the year before was used (Ogilvie 2004, 66). Marie Curie is easily one of the most prominent female scientists of all time. Her notoriety has been earned through her numerous awards, honorary degrees, and memberships to various learned societies. Most notably she was the first woman Nobel laureate in 1903 in physics and she then went on to win another Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It is important to note that she was awarded Nobel Prizes in two different categories, which is rare in itself, the fact that she was a woman doing this early in the twentieth century makes it all the more remarkable. Curie was also awarded the Davy medal, with her husband, in 1903. This award is one of [the Royal Society of Londons] highest awards (Curie 1937, 208). In 1904, she was awarded the Matteucci Medal by the Italian Society of Sciences, again with her husband and in 1909 she was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal by the Franklin Institute. Marie Curie was also awarded countless honorary degrees and memberships across the world for her achievement s. For instance, she received many honorary degrees and awards from countless schools and organizations. (Curie 1937, 406). Death Without the knowledge of radiation we have now, Curie took no precautions to avoid poisoning. To make matters worse, when she first began her research she had very little funding. Even if she had wanted to take safety precautions, she would not have been able. She did not even have a laboratory to perform her experiments, instead having to content herself with a shed for their experiments (Curie 1937, 186). Due to this, her notes, and even her cookbooks from the 1890s, are too radioactive to be handled (Bryson 2003, 140). Curie died July 4, 1934 from aplastic anemia because of this exposure to radiation (Ogilvie 2004, xiv). Sadly her passion for science and discovery had resulted in her death. Sixty years later, in 1995, the remains of the couple were transferred to the Panthà ©on in Paris, out of respect of their achievements. Currie was the first woman to ever receive this honor which cemented her position not just as a scientist, but as a symbol of possibility for women in the fu ture (Borzendowski 2009, 1888).

Proposition and Religion Essay

The State and the Church are of two different entities and usually it is the Church which turns out to be more powerful. Whenever controversial issues arise, the Church is always there to give its stand and influence the billions of believers. The Pope is much more powerful than the President of the United States after all. Several moral issues are currently on the hot seat right now. Last February 23, actor Sean Penn won an Oscar for playing a gay politician. The movie Milk earned the respect and recognition of several organizations in the country. In Penn’s speech, he purposely mentioned his advocacy in fighting for gay rights as to having equal rights in the society. Joining him in his fight are the good-looking couple Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie who refuse to get married until every gets the right to do so. A lot of very influential and famous people have already expressed their stand with this very sensitive issue. And slowly, the world is becoming more aware of the change that the world wants. It is the new generation that will definitely be affected with this issue. And with the media’s most influential people calling for support, can the sacred marriage for man and woman be finally twisted? The issue for gay marriage or homosexual marriage became more contentious as the Proposition 8 in California was finally passed in November 4, 2008. The proposition affirms that the matrimony of marriage should only be retained to heterosexuals only. Same-sex marriage should be abolished all over the world—this is a hit to the state Nevada where gay couples are usually married (McCoy 27). In the new section of the bill (7. 5) Article I reads that â€Å"Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California (Cott 218). † This proposition was immediately implemented the day after, Nov. 5. A huge amount of money was raised in each of the opposing and supporting parties. The ones supporting the campaign raised an enormous amount of $39. 9 million while the opposing party took it to another level by surpassing the supporting team by around $4 million (the opposition raised $43. 3 million). This campaign was definitely largest in the history of supporting ballot (Donors 3). The proponents of the ballot emphasized the sacristy of marriage by just giving it to heterosexuals. Religion is a huge factor as their principles are backed up by moral issues and religious beliefs. The proponents also pointed out their worry to the future generation as allowing this would teach the generation that gay marriage is okay—the point that the opponents are actually emphasizing. The opponents believed that marriage is an essential aspect in a human being’s life and that everyone should be given chance to do it—whatever their sexuality is. The proponents of the proposition are mostly Catholic and conservatives. These are the people who believe that we should stick to what we are used to believe—in this case, heterosexuals are only allowed to be married. As mentioned earlier, the Church is very powerful and influential. Such is its power that it can stop a government from sentencing death to a criminal. Aside from that, these religious institutions are exempted from paying taxes. If these religious institutions are very influential and never fail to mix politics with their beliefs, should they be exempted from paying taxes? Religious institutions, such as churches and some schools led by religious leaders, are exempted from taxes. In turn, these institutions get to save a lot of from their spending as their role is to help nourish the society. It was understandable in the beginning and such respect is given to these institutions anyway. However, as time passed by, the role of being the protector and the counselor of the people became out of hand. Aside from their conventional roles in the society, these institutions use their influences on their people with regard to their stand in politics. Some of the religious leaders even run for a seat in the government. The involvement of religious institutions in politics gives them an unfair advantage over those ordinary citizens. The exemption of taxes to these religious institutions gives them more power and medium to access the mass media and influence the not-so-informed people. If they still wish to be exempted from taxes, they should stay away from politics and just continue doing the right thing—which is to spread the Word of God and live it. What they are doing now is they using their â€Å"good† image to convince people to stick with the norms and the conventional while the whole world is ready to embrace the change that it should have done a long time ago. Works Cited Cott, Nancy. Public Vows. Harvard University Press, 2002. â€Å"Donors Pumped $83 Million Into Prop. 8 Race. † cbc5. com. 2 February 2009. 13 March 2009 . McCoy, Candace. Politics and Plea Bargaining: Victim’s Rights in California. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

John Locke The Limitations Of Government And The Natural...

John Locke: The Limitations of Government and the Natural State Brandon Lee 10/31/17 Outline Submit for: Political Theory (Govt 251) Fall 2017 Professor Lindskog I. John Locke had been influential in the American governmental system. His ideas outlined in the Second Treatise on Government, dramatically influenced the America revolution and the formation of the United States Declaration of Independence. Modern democracy can thank Locke for his ideas on equal rights, separation of power, and checks and balances. Although Locke’s ideas played an influential role in the American revolution, some argue his ideas are outdated. John Locke’s theory poses limitations that cannot be ignored. II. Natural law is a higher†¦show more content†¦III. All men are in a state of nature until there is a need to form government to protect life, liberty, and property. A. The state of nature exists where lacks a structured government to mediate disputes. This differentiates a state of nature from a political socirty, legitimate government, and state of war. 1. â€Å"Want of a common judge with authority, puts all men in a state of nature: force without right, upon a man s person, makes a state of war, both where there is, and is not, a common judge.† Chapter 3 sec 19 2. Locke asserts that there must be a government to resolve disputes between men. a) A limitation of this argument is that a third man can resolve disputes between two men without forming a government. B. A limitation set on man in a state of nature is his ability to horde property. 1. Locke asserts that man in a state of nature has the right to create property. a) The ability to create this property is limited by his ability to store or horde property. 1) If a man creates more food than he can eat, it will spoil. 2) If he creates more boots than he has feet, they will go unused. i. Locke asserts that man has the right to property that will not spoil, any property beyond this belongs to others. ii. When man begins to produce more than he can consume and share it creates a need to horde property. iii. Man has a need for government and money. IV. State of nature, Locke vs Hobbes. A. Hobbes argued that freedom in a state of nature meant that man wouldShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s The Leviathan Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthe views of these three men on the topic of human nature and government, but it was ultimately these philosophers who used natural law to explain the aspects of humanity, it was these men’s ideas who were key to the era of Enlightenment and life beyond it. Born on April 5 1588, Thomas Hobbes came to be known as one of the greatest philosophers in the world. In his most famous work, the Leviathan, he sets forth his ideas on government and law. Thomas Hobbes believed that all humans were born withRead MoreJohn Locke: Founding Father of Modern Era Liberalism1444 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke are all great thinkers who were greatly influential in forming philosophies that would affect the future of politics. By analyzing each philosopher’s ideology, we can identify which thinker†™s theory reflected modern era liberalism the most. For this paper I will be arguing that, John Locke provides a more compelling framework of modern era liberalism because of his perception of the state of nature, the social contract and the function of government. Before explainingRead MorePolitical Philosophy in the 17th Century947 Words   |  4 Pagestime dealing with a drastic change that has veered the world into a new state of affairs. Wars between countries and within countries were at a peak. What solutions were there to fix the mayhem? It was an answer that many philosophers were trying to figure out. This writing assignments intentions are not on the study of philosophy, but rather on the philosophical figures that have helped mold what the world is today. John Locke, a philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, a political philosopher, and Bishop BossuetRead MoreThomas Hobbes and John Locke Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesHobbes and Locke John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were famous political Theorists among other things in their time. Hobbes who was born 40 years before Locke had a very different perspective to Locke and both will be examined more through this essay. Even though many of there theories were different in the sixteenth century Hobbes and Locke s theories became closer as the rise of the state and decline of the feudal system brought about the question of authority. Read More Locke and Publius: Comparing Their Views on Civil Government1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe best form of government is. 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In his writing Locke argued that individuals had the natural rights of lifeRead MoreJohn Locke and Commercial Capitalism1697 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical philosopher John Locke ideas and theories serve as a foundation in our democratic world. In the Second Treatise of Government sovereignty is placed in the hands of the people. Locke argues that everyone is born equal and has natural rights in the state of nature. He also argues that men have inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. The central argument around the creation of a civil society was with the protection of property. In this essay I will explain Lockes theory of propertyRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The United States1374 Words   |  6 PagesHobbes conclusion that citizens choose to create a government in order to move beyond a mutual state of distrust. To accomplish this, the two parties must first agree that the aforementioned distrust will lead to the destruction of both parties. They then must establish a social contract that each party will give up their right to hurt the other. This agreement gives the right to punish others to a sovereign power that will provide both parties with security but will leave their lives alone in allRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1494 Words   |  6 Pages1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share the basic assumption that a theory based off of abstract individualism, consent, sovereignty and reason will produce a peaceful and productive society. This theory is the liberal political theory, which is the philosophy of individual rights and a limited government. Both Hobbes and Locke both center the majority of their ideas off of how people’s lives should be based off of nature rights instead of natural law. This being said, people are also subject to the

Gender Stereotyping An Essential For A Comprehensive...

Abstract Stereotypes to a degree can be risky in light of the fact that they can bring about immoral behaviors. A man may to abuse others in view of assumptions that are untrue. The history of gender stereotyping which has prompted imbalances between men and women, is long and complex and it is perceived that enactment, however significant, and positive activities alone don t as a matter of course accomplish accepted gender equality. A cognizant effort with respect to society to change mentalities what s more, to oblige difference is an essential for a comprehensive society. Introduction Gender stereotyping keeps on being an impediment to the accomplishment of equality between men and women. Aside from the individual and social†¦show more content†¦This fortification of gender stereotyping prompts the propagation of victimization women, as the majority of the human qualities seen as woman have less social worth. Education assumes a focal role in this debate. Schools involve a one of a kind position in the public eye, and the part of the school is principal in advancing gender balance. By bringing issues to light, widening skylines, going up against falsehood, growing the information base to incorporate the grant of women and in addition men, and offering new models of conduct, the school can be seen as an instrument for positive change. This study will concentrate on gender Stereotypes, and particularly, the negative impact they have on women in the work environment. Literature Review Sitting in the same classroom, perusing the same reading material, listening to the same educator, young men and young women get altogether different education. Truth be told, after entering school, young women perform equivalent to or superior to anything young men on almost every measure of accomplishment, however when they graduate secondary school or school, they have fallen behind. Then again, disparities between the teaching of young women and the teaching of young men in elementary education leads a few commentators to contend that young men are being dismissed within education framework. The socialization of the different

American History and World War II Essay - 1393 Words

On December 7, 1941, with Japanese attack on Perl Harbor, all debate over avoiding war and the policy of American isolationism was gone. It was the beginning of a great war that brought death, devastation and finally the victory and power to United States. At the time of Roosevelt’s appointment in 1933, historically crucial events were taking place in Japan, Italy and Germany which had to shape the future and the fate of United States. This paper studies and analyses the major factors which contributed to American success both at home and abroad during WWII in addition to world’s view about American participation in war and bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Despite his internationalist nature and the idea of League of Nations, Franklin†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of war, Japanese victory in Pacific terrified West Cost Americans. Partial victory for Americans appeared when Japanese capital Tokyo was bombed. It was less of a material loss but huge in terms of psychological attack. It was followed by the Battle of Coral Sea in May 1942 and after that the decisive Battle of Midway Island took place. U.S. aircraft carriers destroyed three out of four Japanese carriers that sabotaged their further plans of invasion and they adopted a defensive strategy. Tension with Germans also became manifold after devastation of American merchant trade with Britain as U-boats destroyed more than 4,700 merchant ships and 200 warships. Stalin stressed the Allied invasion of France while Roosevelt urged troop’s deployment in North Africa. Allied leaders planned invasion of Italy in 1943 but downfall of Mussolini took eleven months and cost was heavy for American. Despite zero physical harm at home ground, war changed America completely. Millions of Americans worked overseas, women replaced men in factories and automobile factories became weapon producing units. Mobilization for war resulted in a thriving economy. Roosevelt involved businessmen into war by organizing their efforts to mobilize economy and enhance productive capacity. Surprisingly, by 1942, American production was equal to the combined production of Japan, Italy and Germany which ended depression.Show MoreRelatedAmerican History Retells World War II1232 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican history retells World War II (WWII) stories about heroes, and their contribution to the success in ending the conflict between Japan and the United States (U.S.). The U.S. Military’s attempt to seize key islands in the South Pacific seem futile as Japanese Imperial Intelligence Teams (JIIT) monitored U.S. communications systems. Messages intercepted by the JITT compromised U.S. Military synchronization activities, putting their efforts and the lives of American Soldier’s at risk. 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Pearl Harbor was a surprise to the United States, a great plan to the Japanese Empire, and a gateway to World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor took a toll on countries all over the world. That day in 1941 has been and forever will be the most infamous act of the Japanese Empire. On December 7, 1941 the ultimate disaster in the history of the United States occurred. â€Å"Pearl Harbor is a lagoon island on the island

Wrought immense financial loss to the company Free Essays

Dear Sir, I am writing this memo to bring your attention to the need for a major shift in our procurement procedure which Fitter Snacker has been following for the past couple of decades. A careful study of the purchasing records of the last few months reveal that the traditional purchasing procedure has wrought immense financial loss to the company. This method which relies heavily on buying from a few â€Å"trusted† local and familiar sources of raw material like floor, chocolate, sugar and milk derivatives has resulted in buying materials at higher prices and sometimes suppliers not meeting the demand or deadline. We will write a custom essay sample on Wrought immense financial loss to the company or any similar topic only for you Order Now What I am suggesting is us to shift our attention to online sources and rely more on e-commerce (electronic commerce) for our raw materials. As you might be aware, the worldwide web has created an electronic market place in the internet in last many years. In the net there are B2B (business to business) e-commerce sites where you can bid for raw materials at cheaper rates and get quality assured supplies at faster speeds. One another advantage with e-commerce is that you don’t have to rely on a few small time local suppliers all the time – you can even approach large and distant corporations who can manage long distance shipping of large quantities. My predecessor was using the age old means of communication like writing letters or calling over phones or even personally visiting the suppliers as part of purchasing protocol. As a person coming from a generation that came to age in 21st century I think all these are a total waste of money and time. A shift to e-commerce will remove all the inconveniences, moreover this shift would enable any authorised person in our company to go through the procurement records on real time and make assessments or decisions from anywhere using the internet. Thank you. How to cite Wrought immense financial loss to the company, Papers

Down Syndrome Essay free essay sample

Down Syndrome is a chromosomal condition related to chromosome 21. It affects 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 born infants. People who have Down Syndrome have learning difficulties, mental retardation, a different facial appearance, and poor muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy. Individuals with Down Syndrome also have an increased risk for having heart defects, digestive problems such as â€Å"gastroesophageal reflux or celiac disease†, and hearing loss. Some people who have Down Syndrome have â€Å"low activity of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)† an organ in the lower neck that produces hormones. Down Syndrome can be diagnosed in infancy based on the characteristic medical findings. When Down Syndrome is assumed in a person, a genetic test called a â€Å"chromosome analysis† is performed on a blood or skin sample to look for an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Trisomy 21 means that each cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two copies. Having an extra number 21 genetic material interrupts the normal course of development, causing the characteristic medical features of Down Syndrome. Some people who have Down Syndrome have an extra number 21 chromosome in only some of their bodys cells. This type of Down Syndrome is called Mosaic Down syndrome. A small number of individuals have Down Syndrome because part of chromosome 21 becomes attached to another chromosome before or at the time of the start. These beings have two copies of chromosome 21, and extra substance from chromosome 21 that is attached to another chromosome. The chromosomes of parents of a child with Down Syndrome caused by a â€Å"translocation† are studied to see whether the translocation was inherited. Treatment for Down Syndrome is based on the persons physical problems and academic challenges. Many babies who have Down Syndrome do not have good muscle quality, which makes it harder for them to roll over and walk. Physical therapy can help with these problems. â€Å"About 40 60 percent of babies born with Down Syndrome have a heart defect. † Therefore, all newborns with Down Syndrome have their heart checked with an â€Å"electrocardiogram† and an â€Å"echocardiogram†. When there is a heart defect currently in an infant with Down syndrome, the infant is referred to a â€Å"pediatric cardiologist† for medical attention or to a â€Å"pediatric cardiac surgeon for early surgical repair. Some infants with Down Syndrome have difficulties with swallowing or they may have blockages in their bowels. Surgery can be performed to correct these problems. After they are corrected, they usually cause no further health issues. Children with Down syndrome may have â€Å"frequent colds and sinus and ear infections. † These are treated early and aggressi vely to prevent hearing loss and chronic infections. Low thyroid levels are more common in infants who have Down syndrome. It is recommended that â€Å"thyroid level testing† be performed at least yearly. Some infants with Down syndrome have eye problems such as cataracts (cloudy lenses) or crossed eyes (strabismus). Surgery can help with these problems. Sucking problems related to low muscle tone or heart problems may make breast feeding difficult to begin with. â€Å"Occupational therapists, speech therapists, breast feeding consultants and support groups usually have exact sources for the mothers of infants with Down syndrome. † Intelligence in individuals with Down syndrome ranges from low normal to very slow to learn. At birth it is not possible to tell the level of intelligence a baby with Down syndrome will have. All areas of development including â€Å"motor skills, language, intellectual abilities, and social and adaptive skills are followed closely in children with Down syndrome. † Early recommendation, beginning at birth, to an early intervention program will help enhance development. Preschool programs for children with Down syndrome include â€Å"physical, occupational, speech and educational therapies†. Many adults with Down syndrome have jobs and live independently. Most cases of Down syndrome are not inherited, but occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells. A mistake in cell division called non-disjunction results in reproductive cells with an unusual number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain an extra copy of chromosome 21, if one of these uncharacteristic reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra chromosome 21 in each of the bodys cells. Mosaic Down syndrome is also not inherited. It occurs as a random mistake during cell division early in fetal development. As a result, some of the bodys cells have the usual two copies of chromosome 21, and other cells have three copies of the chromosome. Translocation Down syndrome can be inherited. An unaffected person can carry a rearrangement of genetic material between chromosome 21 and another chromosome. This rearrangement is called a balanced translocation because there is no extra material from chromosome 21. Although they do not have signs of Down Syndrome, people who carry this type of balanced translocation are at an increased risk of having children with the condition. They used to be called Mongoloids, an ethnic insult coined by John Langdon Down, an English physician during the nineteenth century. But now they are known as people, individuals with a condition known as Down syndrome. It wasnt until the 1960s that Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs discovered the cause of Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21). But with industrial advances within the scientific community, more information has been gathered about the condition research shows that Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by certain chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomes within cells are composed of proteins and genetic information in the form of DNA. Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes to make a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell. When sex cells divide through the process of meiosis, one cell splits into two parts so that each of the resulting cells only has 23 chromosomes, rather than 46. But many mistakes can occur during cell division. During meiosis, the chromosomes are supposed to split and go to different areas of the cell. This step of meiosis is called disjunction. But sometimes during cell division, a chromosome will not remove itself and it will stay with its pair of chromosome. This ends in one of the new cells having 24 chromosomes and the other having only 22 chromosomes. A mistake such as this is called non-disjunction. If a cell with this mistake mates with a normal cell, the fertilized egg will end up with an uneven number of chromosomes. â€Å"In the instance of Down syndrome, 95 percent of all cases are caused by non-disjunction, and 90 percent of all errors occur in the egg cells. In people with Down syndrome, there are three 21st chromosomes due to non-disjunction and the mating of an abnormal cell with a normal cell of 23 chromosomes. This is where the name trisomy 21 originated from. â€Å"Down Syndrome affects about one in every one thousand children born around the world. Research shows that Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by certain chromosomal abnormalities†. Chromosomes within cells are collected of  "proteins and genetic information in the form of DNA. † Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes to make a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell. When sex cells divide through the process of meiosis, one cell splits into two parts so that each of the resulting cells only has 23 chromosomes, rather than 46. But many errors can occur during cell division. During meiosis, the chromosomes are supposed to split and go to different areas of the cell. This step in the process of meiosis is called disjunction. But sometimes during cell division, a chromosome will not detach and it will stay with its pair chromosome. This results in one of the new cells having 24 chromosomes and the other having only 22 chromosomes. An error such as this is called non-disjunction. If a cell with this error mates with a normal cell, the fertilized egg will end up with an uneven number of chromosomes. In people with Down syndrome, there are three 21st chromosomes due to non-disjunction and the mating of an abnormal cell with a normal cell of 23 chromosomes. This is where the name trisomy 21 originates. Down Syndrome can’t kill you but it can affect how long you live and what you are able to do. There isn’t much that you can do for this except for maybe therapy. It isn’t a contagious disease but you shouldn’t treat them any different than a regular person except for a few exceptions.